| [Unnamed] |
USSR |
10/10/60 |
Mars flyby |
did not reach Earth orbit |
| [Unnamed] |
USSR |
10/14/60 |
Mars flyby |
did not reach Earth orbit |
| [Unnamed] |
USSR |
10/24/62 |
Mars flyby |
achieved Earth orbit only |
| Mars 1 |
USSR |
11/1/62 |
Mars flyby |
radio failed at 65.9 million miles (106 million km) |
| [Unnamed] |
USSR |
11/4/62 |
Mars flyby |
achieved Earth orbit only |
| Mariner 3 |
U.S. |
11/5/64 |
Mars flyby |
shroud failed to jettison |
| Mariner 4 |
U.S. |
11/28/64 |
first successful Mars flyby 7/14/65 |
returned 21 photos |
| Zond 2 |
USSR |
11/30/64 |
Mars flyby |
passed Mars but radio failed, returned no planetary data |
| Mariner 6 |
U.S. |
2/24/69 |
Mars flyby 7/31/69 |
returned 75 photos |
| Mariner 7 |
U.S. |
3/27/69 |
Mars flyby 8/5/69 |
returned 126 photos |
| Mariner 8 |
U.S. |
5/8/71 |
Mars orbiter |
failed during launch |
| Kosmos 419 |
USSR |
5/10/71 |
Mars lander |
achieved Earth orbit only |
| Mars 2 |
USSR |
5/19/71 |
Mars orbiter/lander arrived 11/27/71 |
no useful data, lander destroyed |
| Mars 3 |
USSR |
5/28/71 |
Mars orbiter/lander, arrived 12/3/71 |
some data and few photos |
| Mariner 9 |
U.S. |
5/30/71 |
Mars orbiter, in orbit 11/13/71 to 10/27/72 |
returned 7,329 photos |
| Mars 4 |
USSR |
7/21/73 |
failed Mars orbiter |
flew past Mars 2/10/74 |
| Mars 5 |
USSR |
7/25/73 |
Mars orbiter, arrived 2/12/74 |
lasted a few days |
| Mars 6 |
USSR |
8/5/73 |
Mars orbiter/lander, arrived 3/12/74 |
little data return |
| Mars 7 |
USSR |
8/9/73 |
Mars orbiter/lander, arrived 3/9/74 |
little data return |
| Viking 1 |
U.S. |
8/20/75 |
Mars orbiter/lander, orbit 6/19/76-1980, lander 7/20/76-1982 |
Combined, the Viking orbiters and landers returned 50,000+ photos |
| Viking 2 |
U.S. |
9/9/75 |
Mars orbiter/lander, orbit 8/7/76-1987, lander 9/3/76-1980 |
combined, the Viking orbiters and landers returned 50,000+ photos |
| Phobos 1 |
USSR |
7/7/88 |
Mars/Phobos orbiter/lander |
lost 8/88 en route to Mars |
| Phobos 2 |
USSR |
7/12/88 |
Mars/Phobos orbiter/lander |
lost 3/89 near Phobos |
| Mars Observer |
U.S. |
9/25/92 |
orbiter |
lost just before Mars arrival 8/21/93 |
| Mars Global Surveyor |
U.S. |
11/7/96 |
orbiter, arrived 9/12/97 |
currently conducting prime mission of science mapping |
| Mars 96 |
Russia |
11/16/96 |
orbiter and landers |
launch vehicle failed |
| Mars Pathfinder |
U.S. |
12/4/96 |
Mars lander and rover, landed 7/4/97 |
last transmission 9/27/97 |
| Nozomi (Planet-B) |
Japan |
7/4/98 |
Mars orbiter, currently in orbit around the Sun |
Mars arrival delayed to 12/03 due to propulsion problem |
| Mars Climate Orbiter |
U.S. |
12/11/98 |
Orbiter |
lost on arrival at Mars 9/23/99 |
| Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 |
U.S. |
1/3/99 |
lander/descent probes to explore Martian south pole |
lost on arrival 12/3/99 |
| Mars Odyssey |
U.S. |
4/7/01 |
Orbiter |
currently conducting prime mission of science mapping |
